Maddalena Laura Lombardini Sirmen: Violinkonzert Nr. 3 A-Dur op 3 (1773)

Maddalena Laura Lombardini Sirmen
born 9 Dec. 1745 in Venice
died 18 May 1818

First print:

1773 London

CD recommendation:
Piroska Vitárius 2006
Stefano Montanari 2012


Among all the people who prepared the so-called classical phase of music history in Italy, men like Lotti, Pugnani, Giardini, Giornovichi and others, the then famous violinist Maddalena Laura Lombardini Sirmen stands out. She composed violin concertos herself and in 1773 published her own collection of 6 violin concertos in print, concertos which she presented on her tours throughout Europe. Lombardini was not an orphan, but because of her talent she was taken in young by the successful music educational system of the Venetian orphanages and trained as a violinist, singer, harpsichordist and composer. Tartini later accepted her as his pupil; a letter from Tartini to Lombardini on bowing, fingering and trilling techniques for playing the violin has survived.  In order not to remain bound to Venice as a nun or by contract for life, she married the violinist Lodovico Sirmen, himself also a composer. After a few tours together, the two separated again and Lombardini toured Europe as a violinist and singer accompanied by a priest. In Paris, a critic wrote of the unusual appearance of a woman as a violinist: "She is a muse who strikes the lyre of Apollo, and to her extraordinary talent is added her personal grace" (Mercure de France Sept. 1768, p. 117f.). The development of the modern concave violin bow, which is associated with the name of François Xavier Tourte and which made a new virtuoso bowing technique possible, caused the disappearance of the old round bow and the old string culture of the Tartinian type which had characterised Lombardini Sirmen's violin playing. In the end, she died impoverished again in Venice. She also met the Milanese Bach, Johann Christian Bach, in London, but encounters with greats like her contemporaries Mozart or Haydn do not appear in their or her vita, perhaps one of the reasons why she has been forgotten by music history.

Listen here:

 

Listening Companion:

 

I. Allegro

The movement begins with a striking wake-up call from the orchestra, which descends over two octaves, and then immediately moves into a rhythmically buoyant, gallant melodic sequence. The orchestral tutti consists not only of strings, but is joined by two horns and two oboes. The structure of the movement, on the other hand, turns out to be traditional, a sequence of 3 tuttis and 2 solos in between, just like Tartini. Twice more in the first tutti, this crashing orchestral run comes in between and interrupts the various vocal melodies. A first surprise is the beginning of the first solo part (the solo violin usually already played the tutti at that time), it does not bring a theme from the tutti, but a new lively motif of its own. It too sings its way up to the heights of the violin's upper strings, not without presenting figurations, runs and trills at the same time. The solo violin is accompanied only by the two violins (without winds or basses), which gives the violin a light, delicately underscored sheen. The orchestra's second tutti again brings this dualism between orchestral crash and almost "Mozartian" songfulness. Then there is room again for the beguiling sound of the high violin with the simple accompaniment. At the end, a cadenza for the violin and as a final short tutti: twice the crashing motif of the orchestra.

II. Adagio

The orchestra begins an A minor Adagio with kind of sighs. The solo part then also begins sorrowfully, the violin intones a sad, but also repeatedly comforting song, lonely, again accompanied only by the two orchestral violin parts. Experiences of loneliness, sadness, suffering and consolation connect the composer over time with us listeners. Then the string tutti concludes this movement in A minor. A conclusion in sadness.

Rondo: Allegretto

A round dance in 2/4 time and a joyful melody, again in A major, snatch us away from the gloomy feelings, first in tutti, then as a solo by the violin. Tutti and solo alternate, now and then the dance falters, at the second and third solo entry, the violin brings new themes and lives out its new courage, or exuberance. The full orchestra repeatedly affirms the renewed beginning of the joyous rondo dance. A cadenza leads to a brief conclusion and leaves us to the lightness of being.


www.unbekannte-violinkonzerte.jimdofree.com

Kontakt

 

tonibernet@gmx.ch