Henri Vieuxtemps: Violin Concerto No. 4 in D minor op 31 (1850/51)

Beginning of the violin melody in the Adagio religioso
Beginning of the violin melody in the Adagio religioso

Henri Vieuxtemps
born 17 February 1820 in Verviers;
died 6 June 1881 in Mustapha Supérieur, a suburb of Algiers
                                                       Date of composition: 1850/51

 

CD - Recommendation: Jascha Heifetz 1935 Hilary Hahn 2014


The Belgian violin virtuoso Henri Vieuxtemps (1820 - 1881) composed his 4th Violin Concerto in 1850/51 and performed it for the first time in Paris to great success and rapturous applause. As a 30-year-old violinist, Vieuxtemps was in the prime virtuoso age to write a concerto for the violin for himself, that is, to fully enrich the violin part for his virtuoso possibilities. But Vieuxtemps' 4th Violin Concerto is more ambitious. Compared to many other virtuoso concertos of the time, it expands the symphonic contribution of the orchestra, and does so before the better-known violin concertos of Schumann and Brahms. Another new feature is the formal composition of four movements, which is why the concerto does not follow the classical three-movement structure. The 30-year-old Vieuxtemps expands the three-part classical concerto form with a scherzo, thus claiming more content for a violin concerto than just virtuoso self-expression. Brahms, too, originally intended to add a scherzo to his violin concerto, but then rejected the idea. But Vieuxtemps was already concerned with something deeper, relevant to life, with romantic-religious content, so to speak, as the title of the special second movement shows: Adagio religioso. But music of longing is not separate from the earthly joie de vivre that emerges in the Scherzo, when it comes to the whole breadth of spirituality. One can also be inspired to such thoughts by listening.

Listen here:
1st movement
2nd movement
3rd movement
4th movement

 

Listening Companion:

I. Andante - Moderato

 

A clarinet introduces the music: only after an orchestral introduction promising symphonic music does the violin enter the scene .... which then emerges surprisingly quietly from the background, demanding attention. Then, however, the violin begins a solo recital, so to speak, as if it were an opera singer, to tell us dramatic stories....  Opera-like though it is, a recitative, the violin leads us slowly and expectantly towards a horn chorale, consciously placing phrase after phrase. String and brass sounds blend beautifully and lead us into the next movement, into the atmosphere of a dreamlike Adagio religioso.

II. Adagio religioso

 

Religioso here clearly means feeling and longing. After a chorale-like introduction in bassoon and horns, the violin enters with a rising gesture and a trill and leads us with its simple hopeful melody into a kind of dreamlike heavenly love song, even harps sound. Only briefly does the orchestra interrupt, as a call "back to earthly reality", so to speak, and question this yearning playing. But the violin continues to dream. Pure romanticism.

III. Scherzo: Vivace

 

Now, completely unexpectedly, a wild scherzo comes rushing in, only briefly, but a virtuoso piece of the craziest kind (unforgettably performed by Jascha Heifetz in 1935 in his recording of the concerto!).... A wild antithesis, so to speak, to the dreamy loneliness of the movement that has just faded away. A short scherzo, then a middle section with a swaying folk dance over horn quints, briefly resting, until it continues wildly again.

IV. Finale marziale: Andante – Allegro

It begins again quite romantically, again the clarinet melody from the beginning of the first movement. An introduction not for a final rondo movement, but formally for a sonata movement. But what then emerges and is supposed to be marzial is not clear: rather to be understood ironically, what this pomp in the orchestra represents..... But then the violin comes along and ironises everything military with a figure that is energetic but relaxed like a dancer, rejoices as an individual in his abilities, in playing staccato, and counters the pomp of the orchestra with ever more virtuoso performances, as if virtuosity were a virtue after all against everything pompous. The violinist Vieuxtemps was praised for his staccato; in this final movement, the violinist has helped himself to the composer. And power does not have the last word here, but play and art.


www.unbekannte-violinkonzerte.jimdofree.com

Kontakt

 

tonibernet@gmx.ch