Ludwig Wilhelm Maurer
born 8 Feb. 1789 in Potsdam
died 25 Oct. 1878 in St. Petersburg
First publication:
1831 by C.F. Peters, Leipzig
Live recordings on Youtube:
Quint / Lin / Kim / Wan (Dir. Kent Nagano) 2012
Yanovitsky, E. / Gontarenko, J. / Kofler / Voskoboynikov 2018
Chan / Huang /
Lin / Tseng 2019
This glittering bijoux of violin literature is well known among violinists, but less so among concertgoers. Nor can any well-known German composer be associated with Ludwig Maurer. Therefore,
it is advisable to look into musicology, and one learns that Maurer was one of the best violinists of his time.
"The life and work of Ludwig Wilhelm Maurer (1789-1878), one of the best German violinists of his time, was linked to Russia for many years. A member of the Berlin Hofkapelle since 1803, he
was prompted by the warlike events of 1806 to travel to Russia, where, through the mediation of Pierre Marie François Baillot, he obtained the post of Kapellmeister to Count Vsevolod A.
Vsevoložskij. In 1817 he gave it up and went travelling. After concerts in Germany, France and Austria, he returned to his former position in 1833, this time in Petersburg. He later became
director of the French Theatre and held leading posts in Petersburg musical life. Maurer became known as a composer mainly for creating vaudeville operas.
Maurer also paid due tribute to the fashionable genre of Russian folk song with variations. He wrote, among others, Trois airs russes, variés pour Violon avec accomp. de 2 Violons, Alto,
Violoncello et Contrabasse, op. 14 and a Trio for Strings. But these works show little originality, while his violin concertos and the highly successful Concerto for Four Violins were very
popular in Russia and played frequently. (from: Ernst Stöckl (Jena), Der Beitrag deutscher Komponisten zur russischen instrumentalen Kammermusik (von 1777 bis Anfang der 1920er Jahre)
s.17)."
And also the encyclopaedia MGG "Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart" wrote already in its second edition about Ludwig Maurer as a violinist and composer: "Maurer, one of the best German
violinists of his time, was appreciated for his beautiful variable tone and great technical skill. A grandson of Franz Benda and the most outstanding representative of the younger Berlin violin
school, his later studies with Rode led him to show in his playing a particularly pronounced tendency towards the French V. style, whereby he incorporated not only the tradition of the Viotti
school but also the achievements of the Baillot-Lafont direction. In his V. works, he shows himself to be a born virtuoso who has the entire range of pre-Paganin V. techniques at his disposal,
including, going beyond Spohr, jumping string types (spiccato, tremolo). Personal idiosyncrasies are string change passages with frequent bariola effects, wide leaps, complicated triple and
quadruple stops as well as irregular compound stroke types. The almost exclusively brilliant instrumental works show Maurer's sense for rhythmic and special tonal effects, varied harmonies, but
only a slight formal life of their own. The Konzertante for four violins, which has been played by the most important violinists, became a famous success piece". (Folker Göthel in: MGG
Article Maurer, Ludwig Wilhelm)
For my part, it only remains to add that it is worth watching the videos on youtube, because the interplay of the four violins comes across better visually than if you only hear the music. Of
course, a performance in a concert hall would be even better, but where do 4 violin soloists get together just like that?
Here to see and hear!
Listening companion:
The orchestral prelude begins piano with a rhythmic theme rising from a low register, which is answered by a melodious ascending and descending bow melody of the clarinet beginning with an
upbeat. After a fermata, this upbeat pushes itself to the fore and leads to a festive and rhythmically marked tutti by the whole orchestra.
A soothing final formula then suffers a delicate transition to the charming and ingratiating second theme, presenting itself first in the strings, then in the winds. The orchestral prelude ends
with rhythmic motifs taken from the first theme.
Then - after an expectant holding of the orchestra - the 4 violins enter, all together with the rhythmically slightly varied first theme. The magic of the piece consists in the back and forth of
the mutual interplay of figures and new melodic phrases. Deliciously, a little later, the second theme is introduced with relish by the 4 violins, freely varied and sung out by the violins
individually.
A kind of violin development brings virtuoso detachments and breathlessly fast runs of the 4 violins. One could almost speak of "jogging" violins. An exhausted trill cadenza finally leads back to
the tutti theme of the full orchestra. After the recapitulation of the main theme, there is no more repetition of the second languorous theme. Timpani, a faltering orchestra and the clarinet's
bow melody lead directly into the second movement, Andante.
In thirds, the Andante rises in the 4 solo violins and sinks and rises again and sings itself out. Later, a pizzicato accompaniment of the strings (and fast accompanying figures of the first solo violins) join the melody. Briefly, the orchestral strings take over the vocal theme, but the 4 violins do not let this melody full of tenderness be taken away from them and repeat the rapturous melody together, almost dying from it and then leading directly into the final movement...
... where they immediately and attacca intonate a bouncy, joyful theme to play along with it. Only after a few orchestral interjections does violin after violin begin, one after the other, with a completely different infinite melody that leads into painful realms. The harmonies become more vulnerable, the musical momentum threatens to freeze. But then a light theme, lightened by suggestions and trills, replaces this contemplation and once again lends its place to the lightness of being. The first leaping theme returns, first in the 4 violins (again with delightful pizzicato accompaniment from the orchestral strings), then in the full triumphant tutti of the orchestra. But the doubtful questioning of this joyfulness follows on the heels, or rather in the double of solos and strings and the tense development, which is only ended by the recapitulation of the trilling theme of lightness. After extensive runs of the 4 violins and an exhausted pause, the recapitulation of the bouncing theme in the violins follows. Playfully, splitting theme motifs finally lead to the brilliant and virtuosic cadenza, a challenge for the interplay of the 4 violins. After the quiet re-entry of the orchestra, fast triplet runs of the solo violins lead to an effective conclusion. The applause for this glittering bijou of the violin literature is guaranteed!