Yevhen Stankovych: Concerto no. 2 for violin and symphony orchestra (2006)

Closing melody from bar 398
Closing melody from bar 398

Yevhen Stankovych
born 1942 in Svaliava (Western Ukraine)

First performance:
22 September 2006 at Kyiv by Dmitry Tkachenko

Recordings:
Dmitry Tkachenko
Dalia Kuznecovaite
Sokolov 2015-16


It is inconceivable what human suffering Putin's power politics have already caused in Ukraine. The Concerto No. 2 for Violin and Symphony Orchestra by Yevhen Stankovych is more topical than ever.

The following two quotes from an interview article* are indicative of the Ukrainian composer Yevhen Stankovych. Just as Bartok or Enescu in their respective countries drew on old folk music traditions but sought to combine them with tendencies of European contemporary music, this was also done in Ukraine, for example, by Borys Lyatoshynsky, Myroslav Skoryk or, more non-conformist, by their student Yevhen Stankovych. When he wanted to perform his opera "Tsvit paporoti" about Ukrainian folk motifs in the late 1970s, there was resistance from the official Soviet music policy.

Yevhen Stankovych reports from that time: "At that time, all national ideas were constantly and ruthlessly opposed by those in charge of Soviet ideology. The first alarming news came from Belarus. Yevhen Lyssyk, who was then the chief designer of the Miensk Opera, told me how the bureaucracy there thought about Ukraine, 'which has begun to play at independence'. During rehearsals he warned me that my folk opera Tsvit paporoti had no future. He was right. As it turned out later, the fate of the opera was decided by Suslov, who instructed official Kiev to act according to his instructions. The leaders were startled by absurd things. For example, I was told that the song "Oi, Moroze-Morozenku" was dedicated to Valentyn Moroz - and I knew nothing about him at the time. This song is 300 years old! Another example were the stage props of Lysyk, which showed three ways: they were seen as a symbol of the Tryzub [trident, the national emblem of Ukraine] and therefore rejected. Of course, these and other things led to the premiere being banned."

The 2nd Violin Concerto was written much later, in 2006, at a time when Ukraine had become a separate state and a kind of new universalism became possible. For Stankovych, new universalism is the combination of the most effective techniques of 20th century music with the deep emotions of the music of past centuries. It is the bridge that connects the past, the present and the future of music. In this sense, Stankovych seeks to give musical expression to the most fundamental factors of the condition humaine as he experiences it.

About the biographical background of the creation of his 2nd Violin Concerto, he said: " It so happened that several very near and dear people died. Such tragic events make one reflect on the meaning of existence and the short span of life in this world. This is what world music is about, the music of Palestrina, Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Vedel, Berezovsky, Shostakovich, Britten and Liatoshynsky. In music, the drama of human life is condensed through tragic compositions. The world has always been like this: you have to fight to get what you really need. You have to fight for a good cause, because unfortunately evil is always there. Therefore, as long as we live, we must make every effort to fill this world with good things."

Something of this struggle to bring something good into a tragic and evil world full of the desire for power is told in this one-movement, through-composed 2nd Violin Concerto. The closely spaced melodies, probably influenced by Ukrainian folk music (a Western European listener like this writer knows little about this!), run through the entire concerto, sometimes tragic, sometimes consoling, sometimes fighting, sometimes breaking out in cries and unexpectedly ending in nothingness. I hear - especially because of the above biographical confession - the whole breadth of existential mourning, which is transformed into musical expression in this concert.

 

* (Lesia Olinyk in The Day Issue: №37, (2007)

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Listening Companion:

An outcry. Crashing, dragging secondary note steps in the orchestra. Only quiet echoing. Nothing!

The cry in the orchestra is followed by a lonely lament from the violin. It begins with an upbeat e-f second step that widens to a third d-f and melancholically becomes a sad melody. A tapping motif can be heard softly in the percussion. The violin increases to F-sharp and concludes its melody in brightening C-sharp. Then a lonely bassoon melancholically continues the violin's melody. The violin insists sadly on its melancholy seconds, the oboe takes over the melody, typical figurations of the violin accompany it, push forward until a clarinet and then the horn also take over the second and third steps of this melody, whose mood testifies to a fundamental mournfulness of human life.  

The violin, however, resists all resignation and drives the musical events forward excitedly and in ever higher pitch.

Then a second outburst in the orchestra, even more violent than at the beginning; crashing figures in the horns and then in the trumpets dominate. Violent beats of the percussion conclude this outcry of the orchestra.

A slowly descending string chorus, accompanied by anxious violin figures, follows the sudden termination of this cry, spreads some calm and leads over to a Largo. The solo violin begins with a slow accompanying figure, above which a string phrase beginning in a delicate height slowly descends. The wearying melody is solemnly joined by a wind choir that also descends, but the excitement builds again. The violin rebels, fights its way forward, interrupted by an angry incoming trumpet, then a horn joins in, the whole orchestra dominates. The violin fights desperately against it. In a wild run of sixteenths, the violin - twice restarting - furiously charges ahead, a bell rings in the background, the violin suddenly breaks off. With great expression and molto cantabile, a serious song melody emerges in the strings, actually two melodies played over and with each other in an almost painful contrapuntal manner. Passionately rubbing against each other, both melodies lead to a climax of lamentation, bells ringing out in the middle of the full orchestra. A little later, the knocking motif from the beginning emerges violently and explodes. Intermission.

Now the solo violin takes over the song melody in pianissimo, sings inwardly while the violas play the counterpoint melody, and quietly exhausts itself on an F sharp. A solo cello unexpectedly plays the opening melody again, beginning e-f and d-f. Now the solo violin angrily interjects the glaring knocking motif, heightening it. But the bassoon also takes over the mourning melody of the beginning and, despite the violin's garish interjections, leads it to a beautifully luminous wind conclusion.

After a brief pause, the violin now begins a beautifully calm melody in slow syncopated triplets, reminiscent of the opening melody in its secondary structure; it is overpainted by an orchestral violin melody in the high register.  Again, bell sounds can be heard in the background. Two darkly coloured flutes take over the triplet melody, the violin plays short high melodic fragments to it. Then timpani and tambourine take over the rhythm and transform the triplet melody into a furious outcry.

Passionately, the violin stands up to all the desperately wild interjections of the various orchestral instruments with sweeping gestures. The violin fiercely defends its triplet melody against the individual voices of the orchestra. Only when the violin plays the slow melody on the G string a little later, after an outburst from the orchestra, does the orchestra seem to calm down. But in vain, the orchestra dominates and plunges into a new outburst of violence, which abruptly breaks off again. Emptiness.

A clarinet quietly restarts a descending motif, the solo violin tremulously throws in its motif, futile harp sounds, flutes repeat the violin's motif, but the orchestra ragingly asserts its dominance more and more. In the midst of the wild orchestra, the horn plays the melody of the beginning aggressively, twice almost tauntingly. Again, the violin fights against the events in increasing sixteen-figure runs, interrupted by violent orchestral beats, and finally all violence collapses again. Only a bell fades away quietly.

The violin begins its largo accompaniment again, the violins play their high spherical melody.

But now the clarinet and bassoons enter with a longing song reminiscent of folk music. It sounds like a consoling variant of the previous melancholy melodies marked by second steps. The solo violin repeats the melody in thirds, then the orchestral strings play this wistfully comforting melody, transfigured by harp sounds. Horns sing along, flutes accompany, the whole orchestra joins in, only the solo violin again adds unrest, which gives the orchestra the opportunity to show off its dominance once more. But even now in vain, it breaks off exhausted. Then the solo violin, together with the string choir, once again quietly takes over this comforting melody. As if in tears, the violin lets this melody fade out in pizzicatos, as if accepting the condition humaine and the vulnerability of life at the end.


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Kontakt

 

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