Grace Williams: Violin Concerto (1949-50)

Grace Williams
Born February 19, 1906, in Barry, Glamorgan, Wales
Died February 10, 1977, in Barry

Premiere
March 30, 1950, by Granville Jones and the BBC Welsh Symphony Orchestra conducted by Mansel Thomas 

Recordings:
Ifrah Neaman 1967 on YouTube
Matthew Trusler 2006 on YouTube
Geneva Lewis 2023 on CD (Lyrita)  


The Welsh composer Grace Williams (1906–1977) was active at a time when what she once said was true:


"To compose music is to do something off the beaten track, even if you're a man. But if you're a woman composer it is considered very odd indeed."

 

Thanks to her musical family background—her father was the conductor of an award-winning choir, which Grace Williams often accompanied on the piano—she was able to receive a good musical education, including studying with two composers as stylistically different as Ralph Vaughan Williams at the Royal College of Music in London and Eugen Wellez during a year of study in Vienna. She was friends with the composer Benjamin Britten and her fellow composer Elizabeth Maconchy. Professionally, in addition to specific composition commissions for festivities in Wales, she had to get by with contributions for radio, film, and theater, teaching, and even copying sheet music. Although she proved herself as a composer in all musical genres (chamber music, choral music, symphonic works), she remained very self-critical and repeatedly destroyed her own works that did not meet her standards on so-called “days of destruction.” It was only towards the end of her life that she was recognized as an important composer in Wales, even though her works are still rarely performed outside Wales and England, despite the fact that she is increasingly regarded by musicologists as one of the most important composers of the 20th century. 

The violin concerto was written at a time when Grace Williams, like many British composers after the Second World War, was experiencing a creative crisis. The only completed and surviving large-scale work between 1945 and 1954 is her violin concerto (1949/50). Even superficially, it stands out from Romantic and Neoclassical violin concertos in that it begins rhapsodically with two slow lyrical movements in succession and then ends with a fast final movement. It can therefore take some time to get used to this particular lyrical-rhapsodic compositional style. 

To gain an insight into Grace Williams' understanding of music, here are two impressive quotes:

 

“Music for me has got to flow, because I have been brought up in the singing tradition” (Grace Williams).

 
Two weeks before her death, when she realized that her cancer would be fatal, she wrote a farewell letter to Elizabeth Maconchy, in which she told her: 

"...all along I've known this could happen and now it has I'm quite calm and prepared and can only count my blessings -- that I've had such a run of good health, able to go on writing -- and just being me with my thoughts and ideas and sensitivity. From now on it won't be so good but even so there are sunsets and the sea and the understanding of friends."


 
Listen here:
Movement 1 Liricamente
Movement 2 Andante sostenuto
Movement 3 Allegro con spirito
 

 Listening companion:

I. Liricamente

Above delicate string tremolos from cellos and basses, the violas begin con sordino (subtly mixed with a little flute sound) twice with a short motif, to which the solo violin responds both times on the G string with an extension. The oboe joins in with a short, bow-like motif, followed by a soft solo horn. Together, they create a calm (tranquillo!), wistful soundscape. Within it, the solo violin begins its musical narrative, playing wide arcs with rhapsodic figures. 

A flute, then the orchestra violins fill the sound with an additional motif until the solo violin itself reaches a rhapsodic climax on high G sharp, and after a second attempt on high G, then falls two octaves to end on the low G of its G string.
 
An orchestral interlude with harp sounds follows, rising wistfully, imitating the rhapsodic lyrical violin figures and intensifying them into an intoxicating orchestral passage. 

 

The solo violin resumes its wide, bow-like rhapsodic figures, but then dramatizes the sound with rhythmic, forceful double stops in seconds, to which the cellos respond with upward runs, bringing movement to the music. The violin doubles with its rhythmic seconds, the cellos with their runs, until the whole orchestra erupts in an upward run in fortissimo.

This is immediately followed by a quiet string melody accompanied by the harp, which is continued narratively by the solo violin. The oboe sings expressively, repeating a melodic downward movement familiar from the first part. But this lyrical idyll is suddenly interrupted—first quietly, then more and more decisively—by the woodwinds with their pounding rhythmic staccatos. They drive the solo violin and orchestra, especially the horns and trumpets, to ever more intense passion. 

But the harp accompaniment leads back to lyrical moments for the time being. The orchestra violins, then the solo violin, sing their lyrical rhapsodic melodies from the opening section. After further rhapsodic playing, the solo violin descends virtuosically into its darker, more expressive registers until the orchestra, con fuoco and with full force, drowns out the violin and takes over this descending phrase loudly, placing it in the space itself.

But the solo violin rises again with the support of a horn sound. It begins softly and with harmonics, is soon supported rhapsodically by the orchestra violins, and concludes its narrative section with its downward movement from the highest G to the low G. Once again, the impressionistic sound space opens briefly, as at the beginning of the movement, and builds more and more to a powerful orchestral climax. The orchestra slowly fades away to make room for the solo violin and its solo cadenza. 

The sixteenth notes continue to resonate even longer in the violin's solo cadenza, played with virtuoso double stops.

After the orchestra returns, picking up once again on the short motifs that dominate this movement, the violin ends with a long melodic ascending and descending arc, returning to the low G. A quiet echo from the orchestra concludes the movement. 

II. Andante Sostenuto

Accompanied by a delicate orchestral soundscape, the solo oboe sings a contemplative melody in a piangevole style, which originates from a Welsh song (“Yr Hen Dderby” = “The Old Oak”) and runs through the entire movement. The solo violin enters a little later with its own complementary melody, which artfully combines with the oboe melody as it progresses through this harmonically beautiful soundscape.

Light, relaxed tremolos in the violins and violas mingle with the melodies, which are then taken up by various other wind instruments: English horn, clarinet, and flute accompany the violin melody, which continues to develop freely until the end. It is best to let yourself be carried away by the melodies until the beautiful sound comes to an end.

Grace Williams' friend Elizabeth Maconchy described this Andante sostenuto as “contemplative and serene.” 

III. Allegro con spirito

The third movement follows without interruption and begins with contrasting, march-like rhythmic impulses. The solo violin introduces a combative, rhythmic downward motif, which is carried by the entire orchestra. This is countered by a rolling short motif in the clarinet and violas. The violin sticks to the descending motif. But then the violin returns to its lyrical character in legato, and the new section moves into a longer, calmer forward motion.

Only when the violin returns to the descending motif, even emphasized in pizzicato, does the orchestra respond with its rolling motif. In subtle interactions between the violin and orchestral instruments, which often take up and comment on each other's motifs, the music continues at a cheerful marching tempo. After a march in full orchestral tutti, lyrical and delicate moments reappear, until they threaten to evaporate in the wind instruments. 

But ultimately, the violin's detailed and impressive cadenza recaptures everything in lyrical serenity.

When the orchestra rejoins, rhythmic impulses dominate at first, but at the end they generously leave room for a lyrical duet between the violin and the horn.

In the subsequent quiet final phase, the main ideas of the movement are broken down into their basic elements. The violin reappears with a prominent descending phrase that ends on the low G and fades away quietly, accompanied by the clarinet. The finale, however, belongs to an emphatic final chord played by all the musicians.